• 1. Why system development objectives fail ?
• 2. Accountants Involvement in development work.
• 3. Steps for Waterfall model
• 4. Phases of prototyping model.
• 5. Incremental model stages.
• 6. System Development Life Cycle

6. System Development Life Cycle

Phase 1 : Preliminary investigation

1. Identification of problem

2. Identification of objectives

3. Delineation of Scope

1. Functionality requirement

2. Data to be processed

3. Control Requirement

4. Performance requirement

5. Constraints

6. Interface

7. Reliability requirement

Two Methods through scope of project is determined

1. Reviewing Internal Documents

2. Conduct Interview

4. Feasibility study

1. Technical

2. Financial

3. Economic

4. Schedule / Time

5. Resource

6. Operations

7. Behaviour Related

8. Legal

Phase 2 : System Requirement Analysis

1. Generic set of process for system requirement analysis

1. Fact Finding

1. Documentation

2. Questionnaire

3. Interviews

4. Observation

2. Analysis of present system

1. Reviewing historical aspects

2. Analyse Inputs

3. Reviewing data files

4. Reviewing methods, procedures and data communications

5. Analyse output

6. Reviewing internal controls

7. Modelling existing system

8. Undertaking overall analysis of existing system

3. System analysis of proposed system

4. System Development Tools

1. Category of major tools for system development

1. System component and flow

2. User interface

3. Data attributes and relationship

4. Detailed system processes

2. Set of prominent tools

1. Structured English

2. Flow charts

3. Data Flow Diagrams

4. Decision tree

5. Decision table

6. CASE Tools

7. System component matrix

8. Data dictionary

9. User interface layouts and forms

5. System specification

1. SRS Contents

1. Introduction

2. Information Description

3. Functional Description

4. Behavioural Description

5. Validation Criteria

6. Appendices

7. SRS Review

6. Roles involved in SDLC

1. Steering Committee

2. Project Manager

3. Project Leader

4. System Analyst / Business Analyst

5. Module Leader / Team Leader

6. Programmers / Developers

7. Database Administrator

8. Quality Assurance

9. Testers

10. Domain Specialist

11. IS Auditor

7. Internal Controls

Phase 3 : System Design

1. System designing phase activities

1. Architectural design

2. Design of data/ information source

3. Design of database

1. Four activities in design of database

1. Conceptual modelling

2. Data modelling

3. storage structure design

4. physical layout design

4. User interface design

1. Factors affecting input output form design

1. Content

2. Timeliness

3. Format

4. Media

5. Forms

6. Input volume / Output volume

5. Physical design

6. Systems operating platform

7. Internal design controls

Phase 4 : System Acquisition

1. Acquisition standards

2. Acquiring system component from vendors

1. Factors before acquisition of hardware and software

1. Vendor selection

2. Geographical location of vendor

3. Presentation by selected vendors

4. Evaluation of users feedback

3. Other acquisition aspects and practises

1. Hardware acquisition

2. Software acquisition

3. Contracts, Software license, copyright violations

4. Validation of vendors proposals

5. Methods of validating proposals

1. Checklist

2. Point - Scoring Analysis

3. Public Evaluation Reports

4. Benchmarking problem related vendor's solution

5. Testing problems

Phase 5 : System development

1. Characteristics of good coded programme

1. Reliability

2. Robustness

3. Accuracy

4. Efficiency

5. Usability

6. Readability

2. Other related aspects

1. Programme coding standards

2. Programming Language

3. Program Dubugging

4. Testing the programme

5. Programme documentation

6. Programme maintenance

Phase 6: System testing

1. Different Levels of testing

1. Unit testing

1. Five categories of test

1. Functional test

3. Stress test

2. Performance test

4. Structural test

5. parallel test

2. In terms of technique, further classification of unit testing

1. Static Testing

2. Dynamic testing

2. Integration testing

1. Bottom up integration

2. Top down integration

3. Regression Testing

4. System Testing

1. Recovery testing

2. Security Testing

3. Stress or Volume testing

4. Performance testing

5. Final acceptance testing

1. Quality Assurance testing

2. User acceptance testing

1. Alpha testing

2. Beta Testing

Phase 7: System Implementation

1. Activities in system implementation

1. Equipment installation

1. Site Preparation

2. Installation of new hardware / Software

3. Equipment Checkout

2. Training Personnel

3. System change over strategies

1. Direct Implementation / Abrupt changeover

2. Phased changeover

3. Pilot changeover

4. Parallel Changeover

4. Technical activities for change over

1. Procedure Conversion

2. File Conversion

3. System Conversion

4. Scheduling personnel and equipment

Phase 8 : Post implementation review and maintenance

1. Post Implementation review

1. Development Evaluation

3. Information Evaluation

2. Operational Evaluation

2. System maintenance

1. Schedule maintenance

2. Rescue maintenance

3. Corrective maintenance

4. Adaptive maintenance

5. Perfective maintenance

6. Preventive maintenance